What Era Came First?

Byzantine Empire (330-1453)

The Byzantine Empire, aka. the Eastern Roman Empire, was founded when Emperor Constantine I moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople¹. This era is renowned for its preservation of Roman and Greek traditions, and its significant contributions to art, architecture, and law. The Hagia Sophia, a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture, stands as a testament to this period’s grandeur.

Middle Ages (5th to late 15th century) aka. Medieval Period 

 Began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and lasted until the beginning of the Renaissance. This era is characterized by the rise of the Christian Church, the Crusades, and the establishment of feudalism. Gothic architecture, with its towering cathedrals and intricate stained glass, flourished during this time.

This system created a structured society with clear roles and responsibilities but also led to a rigid class structure and limited social mobility. Gothic architecture, with its towering cathedrals and intricate stained glass, flourished during this time, reflecting the era’s religious fervor and artistic achievements.

Renaissance (14th to 17th century)

The Renaissance was a period of “rebirth” in art, culture, and intellect, originating in Italy and spreading across Europe.

It marked a renewed interest in classical antiquity and humanism. Iconic figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo emerged, creating timeless works such as the Mona Lisa and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

Tudor Era (1485-1603)

The Tudor period in England began with Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I. This era saw the establishment of the Church of England and significant political and religious upheaval. The Tudor style in architecture, characterized by half-timbered houses, became prominent.

Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)

Named after Queen Elizabeth I, this period is often considered the golden age of English history. It was marked by the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights like William Shakespeare, and the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, which established England as a major naval power.

Baroque (17th to early 18th century)

The Baroque era is known for its exuberant art and architecture, characterized by grandeur, drama, and movement.

This period saw the creation of masterpieces like Bernini’s St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and the music of composers like Johann Sebastian Bach.

Rococo (early to late 18th century)

Following the Baroque period, the Rococo style emerged in France, characterized by ornate decoration, pastel colors, and light-hearted themes.

It was a reaction against the grandeur of Baroque, favoring more playful and intimate designs, as seen in the works of artists like François Boucher.

Empire/Regency Era (1800-1837)

The Empire style, associated with Napoleon’s reign, emphasized grandeur and classical elements, reflecting the power and authority of the French Empire.

The Regency era in Britain, overlapping with the Empire period, was marked by elegant and refined architecture, fashion, and literature, with Jane Austen’s novels epitomizing the social mores of the time.

Victorian Era (1837-1901)

The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, was a time of industrial progress, social reform, and cultural change. It saw the expansion of the British Empire and advancements in science and technology.

Victorian architecture, with its eclectic and ornate styles, and the literature of Charles Dickens, reflect the complexities of this period.